Course title |
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY |
Course code |
ZY6CRT09 |
Programme |
BSc. ZOOLOGY |
Semester |
6 |
Course type |
CORE |
Credits |
3 |
MODULE |
COURSE DESCRIPTION |
HOURS |
CO.NO. |
1.1 |
Introduction: Definition, Scope of developmental biology, sub-divisions (descriptive, comparative, experimental and chemical), historical perspectives, basic concepts and theories. |
2 |
1 |
1.2 |
Reproductive Physiology: Gonads- anatomy of testis and ovary, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, gonadal hormones and their functions. Hormonal control of human reproduction - Female reproductive cycles (Estrous cycle, Menstrual cycle). |
2 |
6 |
1.3 |
Structure of mammalian sperm and egg, Pregnancy, parturition and lactation. Reproductive health and importance of sex education. |
2 |
7 |
1.4 |
Egg types: Classification of eggs based on the amount, distribution and position of yolk. Mosaic and regulative, cleidoic and noncleidoic eggs. Polarity and symmetry of egg. |
2 |
2 |
1.5 |
Fertilization: Mechanism of fertilization, Significance of fertilization, Polyspermy. |
1 |
2 |
1.6 |
Parthenogenesis- Different types and significance. |
1 |
2 |
2.1 |
Cleavage: Types, planes and patterns of cleavage, Cell lineage of Planaria. Influence of yolk on cleavage. |
3 |
3 |
2.2 |
Blastulation: Morula, blastula formation, types of blastula with examples. |
2 |
3 |
2.3 |
Fate maps: Concept of fate maps, construction of fate maps (artificial and natural), structure of a typical chordate fate map. Significance of fate map.
|
2 |
3 |
2.4 |
Gastrulation: Major events in gastrulation. Morphogenetic cell movements. Influence of yolk on gastrulation. Exogastrulation. Concept of germ layers and derivatives. |
3 |
3 |
2.5 |
Cell differentiation and gene action: Potency of embryonic cells (Totipotency, Pleuripotency, Unipotency of embryonic cells). Determination and differentiation in embryonic development, Gene action during development with reference to Drosophila -maternal effect genes, zygotic genes. |
4 |
3 |
3.1 |
Embryology of Frog: Gametes, fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, fate map, gastrulation, neurulation, notogenesis. Differentaition of Mesoderm and Endoderm, Development of eye. Metamorphosis of frog, Hormonal and environmental onrol.
|
7 |
4 |
3.2 |
Embryology of chick: Structure of egg, fertilization, cleavage, blastulation, fate map, gastrulation. Development and role of Primitive streak, Salient features of 18hour, 24 hour, 33 hour & 48 hour chick embryo.Extra embryonic membranes in chick.
|
7 |
4 |
3.3 |
Human development: Fertilisation, cleavage, blastocyst, implantation, placenta. Gestation, parturition and lactation. Human intervention in reproduction, contraception and birth control. Infertility, Invitro fertilization (test tube baby) |
6 |
6 |
4.1 |
Experimental embryology: Spemann’s constriction experiments, Organizers and embryonic induction. Embryo transfer technology, cloning, stem cell research. Ethical issues.
|
2 |
5 |
4.2 |
Teratology / Dysmorphology, Developmental defects: Teratogenesis, important teratogenic agents.(Radiations, chemicals and drugs, infectious diseases) genetic teratogenesis in human beings.
|
2 |
5 |
4.3 |
Developmental defects: Prenatal death (miscarriage and still birth). Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR). |
1 |
5 |
5.1 |
General topics: Classification and functions of placenta in mammals. Regeneration in animals. |
3 |
9 |
5.2 |
Prenatal diagnosis (Amniocentesis, Chorionic villi sampling, Ultra sound scanning, Foetoscopy, Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, Maternal serum beta-HCG). |
2 |
8 |
Course title |
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY - PRACTICALS |
Course code |
|
Programme |
BSc. ZOOLOGY |
Semester |
6 |
Course type |
CORE |
Credits |
1 |
|
Module |
Course Description |
Hours |
CO.No. |
||
1 |
Embryological studies- Blastula (frog, chick) gastrula (frog, chick), Study of placenta- pig and man |
5 |
1,5 |
||
2 |
Experimental embryology - Amniocentesis, Embryo transfer technology, cloning |
3 |
2 |
||
4 |
Chick developmental studies - Candling method, 18 hour, 24 hour, 33 hour and 48 hour chick embryo, Vital staining- demonstration. |
12 |
3 |
||
5 |
Study of reproductive organs in cockroach |
6 |
4 |
||
6 |
Study of reproduction in Fish (Calculation of fecundity of fish, Calculation of gonado-somatic index)
|
10 |
References:
1.Anthony S. Fauci, Eugene Braunwald, Dennis L. Kasper,Stephen L. Hauser, Dan L. Longo, J. Larry Jameson and Joseph Loscalzo; 2008; Harriosns Principles of Internal Medicine; Chruch Livingston 17th Ed.
2.Balnisky B.I.; 1981 An Introduction to Embryology, W.B. Saunders and Co.
Berril, N..J.; and Kars, G.; 1986. Developmental biology, Mc Graw Hills
Dutta 2007 Obstrestics , Church Livingston 17 Ed
3.Majumdar N. N -1985 Vetebrate embryology; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
Melissa A & Gibbs, 2006; A practical Guide to Developmental Biology, Oxford university press ( Int. student edition)
4.Scott F. Gilbert; 2003; Developmental biology; Sinauer Associates Inc.,U.S.; 7th Revised edition.
5.Vijayakumarn Nair, K. & George, P. V. 2002. A manual of developmental biology, Continental publications , Trivandrum
6.Taylor D J, Green NPO & G W Stout. (2008) Biological Science third edition. Cambridge university press. Ref pp 748 biology 755
- Teacher: Mrs. Emi Mathew FACULTY